Chapter 3 – Canada’s History

Canada History
  1. Why did the first European explorers call the native peoples “Indians”?

They thought they had reached the East Indies

  1. How did the native people live when the first European arrived in Canada?

Off the land, some by hunting and gathering, others by raising crops

  1. Which natives were farmers and hunters?

Huron-Wendat of the Great Lakes region and the Iroquois

  1. Which natives were hunter-gatherers?

The Cree and Dene of the Northwest

  1. Which natives were nomadic, following the bison (buffalo) herds?

The Sioux

  1. Which natives lived off Arctic wildlife?

The Inuit

  1. Which natives preserved fish by drying and smoking?

West Coast natives

  1. What type of bond did Aboriginals and Europeans form in the first 200 years of coexistence?

Economic, religious and military

  1. The arrival of Europeans in Canada changed the native way of life forever

True

  1. Who was the first to map Canada’s Atlantic shore?

John Cabot

  1. When did English settlement begin in Canada?

1610

  1. Who were the first Europeans to reach Canada?

Vikings

  1. When did European exploration begin in Canada?

1497

  1. With whose expedition did European exploration begin in Canada?

John Cabot

  1. Who claimed Canadian land for King Francis I of France between 1534 and 1542?

Jacques Cartier

  1. Who was the first European to see present-day Quebec City and Montreal?

Jacques Cartier

  1. When did the name of “Canada” begin appearing on maps?

By the 1550s

  1. Where does the name “Canada” come from?

From the Iroquoian word “kanata”, meaning “village”

  1. Who established the first European settlement north of Florida in 1604?

Pierre de Monts and Samuel de Champlain

  1. Who established the first European settlements?

The French

  1. What is the current name of the fortress that Samuel de Champlain built in 1608?

Quebec City

  1. Who battled with the French settlements for a century?

A confederation of five (later six) First Nations

  1. When did the French and the Iroquois make peace?

1701

  1. What was the main economy of the early Europeans settlers?

Fur trade

  1. Who granted the Hudson’s Bay Company exclusive trading rights?

King Charles II of England

  1. Who were the “voyageurs” and “coureurs des bois”?

The skilled and courageous men who traveled by canoe and formed strong alliances with First Nations

  1. When did English colonies appear along the Atlantic seaboard?

The early 1600s

  1. Who battled for control of North America in the 1700s?

France and Great Britain

  1. When did France and Great Britain battle for control of North America?

In the 1700s

  1. Who gained control over North America in the 1700s?

The English

  1. What marked the end of France’s empire in America in the 1700s?

The British defeated the French in the Battle of the Plains of Abraham at Quebec City

  1. What did Great Britain rename the French colony of the 1700s?

The “Province of Quebec”

  1. Who were known as “habitants” or “Canadiens”?

The French-speaking Catholic people

  1. Who passed the Quebec Act of 1774?

The British Parliament

  1. What is the significance of the Quebec Act of 1774?

It allowed religious freedom for Catholics and permitted them to hold public office

  1. How were the laws impacted by the Quebec Act of 1774?

The Act restored French civil law while maintaining British criminal law

  1. Who declared independence in 1776 and formed the United States?

The thirteen British colonies to the south of Quebec

  1. Who were the Loyalists?

Settlers from the United States who were loyal to the Crown

  1. Who led thousands of Loyalist Mohawk Indians into Canada in 1776?

Joseph Brant

  1. Where was the new British colony for freed slaves?

Sierra Leone (West Africa)

  1. When was the first representative assembly in Canada elected?

1758

  1. Where was the first representative assembly elected?

Nova Scotia

  1. Which Act granted to the Canadas, for the first time, legislative assemblies elected by the people?

The Constitutional Act

  1. When was the Constitutional Act passed?

1791

  1. Which current provinces came out from the Constitutional Act?

Ontario and Quebec

  1. When did the name “Canada” become official?

1791

  1. What was known as “British North America” in 1791?

The Atlantic colonies and the two Canadas (upper and lower)

  1. What were the Atlantic colonies and the two Canadas known collectively as in 1791?

British North America

  1. Who was Lieutenant Colonel John Graves Simcoe?

Upper Canada’s first Lieutenant Governor and founder of the City of Toronto

  1. Who made Upper Canada the first province in the British Empire to abolish slavery?

Lieutenant Colonel John Graves Simcoe

  1. Who granted the Hudson’s Bay Company exclusive trading rights?

King Charles II of England

  1. Which British Empire province was the first to abolish slavery?

Upper Canada

  1. Who was Mary Ann (Shadd) Carey?

An anti-slavery activist and the first woman publisher in Canada

  1. When did the British Parliament abolish slavery throughout the Empire?

1833

  1. When were the first companies in Canada formed?

During the French and British regimes

  1. For what did the first companies in Canada compete?

Fur

  1. Who dominated the fur trade in the North West during the French and British regimes?

The Hudson’s Bay Company

  1. When did the first financial institutions open in Canada?

Late 18th and early 19th centuries

  1. For centuries, on what was Canada’s economy based?

Farming and exporting natural resources

  1. What did the Battle of Trafalgar (1805) represent?

The defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte’s fleet

  1. When did the United States launch an invasion on Canada?

1812

  1. Which countries fought in the War of 1812?

United Kingdom and United States of America

  1. Why was the war of 1812 important to Canada?

Canada remained independent from the United States

  1. In which year did the American attempt to conquer Canada fail?

1814

  1. Who defeated Napoleon in 1815?

The Duke of Wellington

  1. For what is Laura Secord known?

She made a dangerous thirty km journey on foot to warn of a planned American attack during the war of 1812

  1. What is a “responsible government”?

The ministers of the Crown must have the support of a majority of the elected representatives in order to govern

  1. In what year did Canada become a country?

1867

  1. What was the name of the new country formed by the Fathers of Confederation?

Dominion of Canada

  1. Name 3 fathers of Confederation

Sir Étienne-Paschal Taché, Sir George-Étienne Cartier, and Sir John A. Macdonald

  1. In what year were Upper and Lower Canada united?

1840

  1. Which British North American colony was the first to attain full responsible government?

Nova Scotia

  1. Who became the first leader of a responsible government in the Canadas?

La Fontaine

  1. What is the system “if the government loses a confidence vote in the assembly it must resign” called?

A responsible government

  1. What were the men who worked together to establish Canada called?

The Fathers of Confederation

  1. Which four provinces formed the new country called the Dominion of Canada?

Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia

  1. What does “Confederation” mean?

The joining of several provinces to form a new country

  1. What level of government did the Fathers of Confederation create?

Federal and provincial

  1. What is the “Dominion of Canada”?

The name of the new country formed in 1867 known today as Canada

  1. When did the British Parliament pass the British North America Act?

1867

  1. Why is the British North America Act important in Canadian history?

The Act officially made Canada a self-governing Dominion

  1. When is Canada Day?

First of July

  1. Who assigned Canada’s national colours (white and red) in 1921?

King George V

  1. Who suggested the term, “Dominion of Canada” in 1864?

Sir Leonard Tilley

  1. Which phrase embodied the vision for the Dominion of Canada?

“Dominion from sea to sea and from the river to the ends of the earth”

  1. In which year was Canada’s first Prime Minister elected?

1867

  1. Who was Canada’s First Prime Minister?

Sir John Alexander Macdonald

  1. Whose portrait is on the Canadian $10 bill?

Sir John Alexander Macdonald

  1. Who was the key architect of Confederation from Quebec?

Sir George-Étienne Cartier

  1. When did Canada take over the vast northwest region from the Hudson’s Bay Company?

1869

  1. When was the RCMP created?

1873

  1. What does “RCMP” stand for?

Royal Canadian Mounted Police

  1. What is the Royal Canadian Mounted Police?

A national police force

  1. The British territories in the Caribbean Sea are part of Canada.

False

  1. Who became the first French-Canadian prime minister since Confederation?

Sir Wilfrid Laurier

  1. Whose portrait is on the $5 bill?

Sir Wilfrid Laurier

  1. What made it possible for immigrants to settle in Western Canada?

The completion of the Canadian Pacific Railway

  1. How many Canadians served in the First World War?

More than 600,000

  1. Who had the reputation of being the “shock troops of the British Empire”?

The Canadian troops

  1. Who was Canada’s greatest soldier during the First World War?

General Sir Arthur Currie

  1. What is known as the women’s suffrage movement?

The effort by women to achieve the right to vote

  1. When were most Canadian female citizens, aged 21 and over, granted the right to vote in federal elections?

1918

  1. Who was the founder of the women’s suffrage movement?

Dr. Emily Stowe

  1. When is Remembrance Day?

11th of November

  1. What is the meaning of the Remembrance Day poppy?

To remember the sacrifice of Canadians who have served or died in wars up to the present day

  1. What do Canadians remember on Remembrance Day?

The sacrifices of veterans and brave fallen in all wars

  1. What do Canadians wear on Remembrance Day?

Red poppy

  1. What was the name of the free association of states that the British Empire had evolved into after the First World War?

The British Commonwealth of Nations

  1. When was the Bank of Canada created?

1934

  1. What led to the Great Depression in the 1930s?

The stock market crash of 1929

  1. In the epic invasion of Normandy in northern France in 1944, known as D-Day, which beach did the Canadians capture?

Juno

  1. During the Second World War, what was the ratio of Canadians in the Allied forces on D-Day?

1 in 10

  1. How many Canadians served in the Second World War?

More than one million

  1. Who contributed more to the Allied air effort than any other Commonwealth country during the Second World War?

Canada

  1. At the end of the Second World War, Canada’s navy was:

The third largest in the world

  1. How did the native people live when the first European arrive in Canada?

Off the land, some by hunting and gathering, others by raising crops

  1. Regarding the European – Aboriginal relationship, which of the following statements is false?

European traders, missionaries, soldiers and colonists killed most of the native population in Canada

  1. Who was the first European to explore the St. Lawrence River?

Jacques Cartier

  1. What is the significance of “l’Anse aux Meadows”?

It is a World Heritage site where can be found the remains of the Vikings from Iceland who reached Labrador and the island of Newfoundland 1,000 years ago

  1. What was driving the vast fur trade economy?

The demand for beaver pelts in Europe

  1. What are leaders like Jean Talon, Bishop Laval, and Count Frontenac famous for?

They built a British Empire in North America that reached from Hudson Bay to the Gulf of Mexico

  1. In Canada, how did democratic institutions develop?

Gradually and peacefully

  1. What did Upper Canada mainly consist of?

Loyalist, Protestant and English-speaking people

  1. What did Lower Canada mainly consist of?

Catholic and French-speaking people

  1. Who was Upper Canada’s first Lieutenant Governor and founder of the City of York (now Toronto)?

Lieutenant Colonel John Graves Simcoe

  1. What was the Underground Railroad?

A Christian anti-slavery network

  1. When did the Montreal Stock Exchange open?

1832

  1. Who refused to surrender Quebec to the English in 1690?

Count Frontenac

  1. What was Pierre Le Moyne famous for?

He was a great hero of New France, winning many victories over the English in the late 17th and early 18th centuries

  1. Who defended the rights of the Canadiens and defeated an American military invasion of Quebec in 1775?

Sir Guy Carleton

  1. Who defeated Napoleon in 1815, and therefore played a direct role in founding the national capital?

The Duke of Wellington

  1. Who was a champion of French language rights?

Sir Louis-Hippolyte La Fontaine

  1. How many Canadians have died in all wars up to the present day?

110,000

  1. Who composed the poem “In Flanders Fields” that is often recited on Remembrance Day?

Lt. Col. John McCrae

  1. When did Canadian medical officer Lt. Col. John McCrae composed the poem “In Flanders Fields” that is often recited on Remembrance Day?

1915

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